CMACE Release: National Enquiry Into Maternal Obesity - Implications For Women, Babies And The NHS

The uterine killing fields. More evidence why the fat should not reproduce.

The Centre for Maternal and Child Enquiries (CMACE) releases its report Maternal obesity in the UK: Findings from a national project today after its three-year UK-wide national enquiry into Obesity in Pregnancy.

This major national study, which collected information from every maternity unit in the UK, has revealed for the first time the prevalence of severe maternal obesity (body mass index 35+) in the UK. The report also details the complications and consequences of obesity during pregnancy, and outlines the implications for the care of obese pregnant women.

This study found that around 5% of the UK maternity population were severely obese. In real terms, this equates to around 38,478 (1 in 20) pregnant women each year, and, with growing levels of obesity in the general population, this number is expected to increase. Wales was found to have the highest rate (6.5%, 1 in every 15 pregnant women) of severe maternal obesity in the UK. In England, the region with the highest rate was East of England (6.2%, 1 in every 16 pregnant women), while London had the lowest rates (3.5%, 1 in every 29 pregnant women).

The report highlighted that pregnancy outcomes for severely obese women are poorer when compared to the general population. The study found that the stillbirth rate in women with a BMI 35+ (8.6 per 1000 singleton births) was twice as high as the overall national stillbirth rate (3.9/1000 singleton births), and that the risk of stillbirth increases with increasing obesity. Also, in women with a BMI 35+, stillbirths occurring during labour and birth were three times higher than the overall national rate in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.

The risks of obesity in pregnancy extend to the mother too. Pregnant women, and especially obese pregnant women, are more at risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE), which is a potentially fatal condition that involves a blood clot forming in a vein which may break away, travel through the circulatory system and obstruct a blood vessel. The CMACE study revealed how VTE risk was poorly documented for obese pregnant women at their first antenatal appointment and fewer than 50% of the women at moderate or high risk of VTE were offered treatment to prevent the condition. For those women who did receive treatment antenatally, the prescribed doses were considered to be insufficient for their body weight, according to current guidelines published by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG). Similar findings were found for postnatal treatment for the prevention of VTE, with only 55% of eligible women being prescribed the appropriate medication. These findings highlight that improvements in this area are required to reduce the risk of VTE in obese women during and after pregnancy.

The CMACE report also revealed that obese women have an increased risk of medical conditions both before and during pregnancy. Thirty-eight per cent of women in the study had at least one medical condition diagnosed prior to and/or during pregnancy. The most common conditions were gestational diabetes and pregnancy induced hypertension, which affect 8-9% of women with a BMI 35+; these conditions affect approximately 2-2.5% of women in the general maternity population. The presence of medical conditions increases the risk of complications for both the mother and baby, and increased surveillance and medical intervention are therefore required.

Clearly, this is early child abuse.